In plain terms: Everything we publish — this website, the AI Governance Guide, and the AI Governance Letters — is general information for professional readers. It is not legal, regulatory, financial, or compliance advice. It does not replace independent professional judgment. We exclude all liability to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to mandatory legal protections that cannot be waived in your jurisdiction.
If you have any questions about this notice, contact: reto@itaiadvisory.com.my
1. Scope of This Notice
This disclaimer and important notice ("Notice") applies to all content published by IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd, including:
(a) this website and all pages hosted at itaiadvisory.com.my;
(b) the AI Governance Guide for Financial Services Boards and any future editions or translations thereof;
(c) the AI Governance Letter series, including all individual issues distributed by email, accessible via campaign archive, or available for download; and
(d) any other documents, publications, presentations, social media posts, or communications published or distributed by IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd, its directors, or its associated persons under the ITAI Advisory brand.
References in this Notice to "our content" or "our publications" encompass all of the above.
2. Purpose of Our Publications
Our publications are structured around questions and frameworks designed to create awareness and prompt board-level thinking. Their purpose is to support professional reflection and discussion — not to prescribe specific actions, guarantee particular outcomes, or replace independent professional judgment.
No reader should treat any question, framework, regulatory reference, or commentary in our publications as a specific recommendation applicable to their organisation, jurisdiction, or circumstances.
3. General Information Only
All content we publish is general information, not advice. It does not constitute advice of any kind — legal, financial, regulatory, compliance, tax, accounting, or otherwise — and no advisory relationship of any nature is created by reading, downloading, sharing, or subscribing to our content.
Our publications are directed at professional readers, including board directors, senior executives, and governance professionals of organisations that deploy or are considering deploying artificial intelligence systems. They are not directed at retail consumers or the general public.
Any content authored by Reto Gruenenfelder is published in his capacity as founder and director of IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd and not in any separate personal capacity.
4. Scope Limitation
Our publications are not exhaustive. The frameworks, questions, and regulatory references they contain are illustrative starting points for board-level discussion. They do not constitute a complete or definitive statement of all AI governance obligations, regulatory requirements, risk categories, or best practices applicable to any organisation.
The absence of a topic, framework, jurisdiction, regulatory body, or obligation from any of our publications does not imply that it is inapplicable, immaterial, or not required. Boards and executives must assess their specific obligations independently, taking into account their particular business model, risk profile, regulatory environment, and jurisdiction.
5. No Regulated Financial or Legal Advice
For the avoidance of doubt, and without limiting the general principles set out above, our content does not constitute regulated financial, investment, compliance, or legal advice under any applicable legislation — including but not limited to the laws and regulations of:
(a) Malaysia, including the Financial Services Act 2013, the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013, and applicable Bank Negara Malaysia and Securities Commission Malaysia guidelines;
(b) the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including Singapore (including the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act and related guidelines), Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam;
(c) the European Union, including the EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) and applicable financial services legislation;
(d) the United Kingdom, including the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and applicable FCA and PRA rules;
(e) Germany, Switzerland, and any other jurisdiction with mandatory licensing requirements for financial or legal advisory activities.
Nothing in our content should be relied upon as a substitute for regulated advice from a licensed professional in the relevant field and jurisdiction. Readers should obtain independent professional advice appropriate to their specific circumstances before making any governance, regulatory, legal, financial, or business decisions.
6. No Warranty of Accuracy
No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy, completeness, currency, or fitness for purpose of the information contained in any of our publications. AI systems, capabilities, and associated regulatory frameworks evolve at an accelerated pace; content may become outdated within weeks of publication. Readers must independently verify the current status of any AI governance development, model capability, or regulatory position before relying on it.
Regulatory frameworks, laws, standards, and guidance referenced in our publications — including but not limited to the EU AI Act, the MAS Model AI Governance Framework, the BNM Technology Risk Management Guidelines, the SC Malaysia Technology Risk Management Guidelines, the HKMA guidance on AI and cybersecurity, the BSP guidelines on technology risk, the ECB supervisory expectations on AI and operational resilience, FINMA guidelines, the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, and ISO/IEC 42001 — are subject to ongoing development, revision, and change without notice.
Readers must independently verify the current status, official text, and applicability of any framework, regulation, or standard before relying on it for any purpose.
Each publication identifies the date as of which it was prepared. The information in that publication reflects the position as of that stated date only and is not updated.
7. Limitation of Liability
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd and its directors, officers, employees, agents, and associated persons (including contractors, consultants, and advisers engaged by IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd) — including Reto Gruenenfelder acting in his capacity as founder and director — exclude all liability for any loss or damage, of whatever nature, arising directly or indirectly from:
(a) reliance on any content in our publications;
(b) any inaccuracy, incompleteness, or outdated information in our publications;
(c) any decision made or action taken (or not taken) on the basis of our content;
(d) any inability to access this website or any of our publications; or
(e) any technical failure, interruption, or error affecting this website or the delivery of our publications.
This exclusion applies to all categories of loss, including direct loss, indirect loss, consequential loss, loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of business, loss of data, loss of goodwill, costs, expenses, or claims by third parties.
Mandatory liability carve-out. This exclusion does not apply to liability that cannot be excluded under mandatory applicable law, including liability for fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation, and liability for wilful misconduct. In particular, nothing in this Notice excludes or limits liability for damages arising from injury to life, body, or health, or for intentional or grossly negligent conduct (including vorsätzliches oder grob fahrlässiges Verhalten as required under German law; Section 2(1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 as applicable under UK law; and equivalent mandatory provisions under the laws of any other relevant jurisdiction). These mandatory protections are preserved in full regardless of any other provision of this Notice.
8. No Professional Relationship
Reading, downloading, subscribing to, or sharing our content does not create a professional relationship — including but not limited to a client relationship, a fiduciary relationship, or a duty of care — between IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd, its directors (including Reto Gruenenfelder), or any associated persons, and the reader.
A professional relationship with IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd arises only upon the execution of a separate, written engagement agreement that expressly establishes such a relationship. Our paid advisory services are governed solely by the terms of such written agreements.
9. Third-Party Links and Resources
Our publications and this website may contain hyperlinks or references to third-party websites, documents, regulatory publications, or other external resources. These links are provided for the reader's convenience and for reference purposes only.
IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd does not control, endorse, or accept responsibility for the content, accuracy, or availability of any third-party resource. The inclusion of a hyperlink or reference does not imply endorsement of the linked resource or any association with its operators.
Third-party websites may have their own terms of use, privacy policies, and disclaimers, which apply to your use of those resources. We encourage readers to review those terms independently.
10. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
This Notice and all of our publications, and any non-contractual disputes or claims arising from or in connection with them, are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Malaysia.
The courts of Malaysia shall have non-exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute arising from or in connection with this Notice or our publications, subject to any mandatory jurisdiction requirements applicable in your own jurisdiction.
Nothing in this Notice limits any rights you may have under the mandatory laws of your own jurisdiction. In particular, if the mandatory law of your jurisdiction provides you with rights or protections that cannot be waived by contract, those rights and protections are preserved in full, and this Notice does not purport to override them.
11. Severability
If any provision of this Notice is found to be invalid, unlawful, or unenforceable under the laws of any jurisdiction — whether by a court, tribunal, or other competent authority — that provision shall be severed from the remainder of this Notice, which shall continue in full force and effect as if the severed provision had not been included.
The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision in one jurisdiction shall not affect its validity or enforceability in any other jurisdiction. The parties shall use reasonable endeavours to replace any invalid provision with a valid provision that achieves, as closely as possible, the original commercial and legal intent of the severed provision.
12. Publisher
IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd is a commercial advisory firm incorporated in Malaysia. Our publications — including the AI Governance Guide and the AI Governance Letter series — are published as part of our professional outreach and do not constitute a commercial service in themselves.
The company offers paid advisory services to boards and executive teams. Engaging with those services creates a separate professional relationship governed by a written service agreement, which is entirely distinct from the general information contained in our publications.
Contact: reto@itaiadvisory.com.my
Website: itaiadvisory.com.my
13. Views and Independence
The views expressed in our publications are those of IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd and do not represent the position of any organisation with which Reto Gruenenfelder is or has been associated, other than IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd.
Our publications are produced independently. IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd does not accept payment from third parties — including technology vendors, regulatory bodies, or financial institutions — in exchange for editorial coverage or favourable treatment in any publication.
14. Privacy and Cookies
For information on how IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd collects, processes, and stores personal data — including data collected through this website, newsletter subscriptions, and contact forms — please refer to our Privacy and Cookie Policy, available on our website at itaiadvisory.com.my (click "Privacy & Cookie Policy" in the footer).
By subscribing to the AI Governance Letter, you consent to the processing of your email address for the purpose of newsletter delivery. You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in any issue.
15. Copyright
© 2026 IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd. All rights reserved.
All content published by IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd — including the AI Governance Guide, the AI Governance Letter series, this website, and all associated materials — is protected by copyright. Readers may share any publication freely in its original, unmodified form provided that itaiadvisory.com.my is identified as the source and any copyright notice included in the publication is retained in full.
All other reproduction, modification, translation, adaptation, or commercial use of any publication — in whole or in part — requires prior written permission from IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd. To request permission, contact: reto@itaiadvisory.com.my.
Unauthorised reproduction or commercial use may constitute an infringement of copyright under applicable law.
16. Website Availability
IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd does not warrant that this website, or any publication hosted on or linked from it, will be continuously available, error-free, or free from interruption. Access may be suspended or restricted without notice for operational, technical, or security reasons.
IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd accepts no liability for any loss or inconvenience arising from the unavailability of this website or any linked resource, including the unavailability of campaign archives, newsletter issues, or downloadable publications.
17. Updates to This Notice
IT AI Advisory Sdn Bhd reserves the right to update, amend, or replace this Notice at any time without prior notice. The current version of this Notice, as published at itaiadvisory.com.my/disclaimer, shall govern all content published from the date shown in the header above.
Continued access to or use of our content following any update to this Notice constitutes acceptance of the updated terms. We encourage readers to review this Notice periodically. For material changes, we will update the "Last updated" date in the page header.